Äìèòðèé
04.11.2025, 05:15
Reel-To-Reel (R2R), èëè îòêðûòàÿ áîáèíà (open-reel), ýòî êëàññè÷åñêèé ôîðìàò àíàëîãîâîé ìàãíèòíîé çàïèñè è âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ çâóêà, êîòîðûé áûë ïîïóëÿðåí ñ 1950-õ ïî 1980-å ãîäû, êàê äëÿ ñòóäèé, òàê è äëÿ äîìà.
https://i.postimg.cc/4xwtXtGT/thumb-859c2d1c9fcfbf4cb7870aab62134e49.png (https://i.postimg.cc/x1gH9HQr/img893e2b86f720d21e97687049c9fdd69d.jpg)
 îòëè÷èå îò ñîâðåìåííûõ êàññåò èëè öèôðîâûõ íîñèòåëåé, çäåñü ìàãíèòíàÿ ëåíòà íàìàòûâàåòñÿ íà äâå îòêðûòûå áîáèíû (êàòóøêè), êîòîðûå âðàùàþòñÿ âî âðåìÿ çàïèñè èëè ïðîèãðûâàíèÿ. Ñêîðîñòü 7½ ips (inches per second, èëè 7,5 äþéìà â ñåêóíäó, ÷òî ïðèìåðíî ðàâíî 19 ñì/ñ) - ýòî îäíà èç ñàìûõ ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûõ ñêîðîñòåé äëÿ òàêîãî ôîðìàòà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ õîðîøèé áàëàíñ ìåæäó êà÷åñòâîì çâóêà è äëèòåëüíîñòüþ çàïèñè.
Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå: Ðàçðàáîòàí â Ãåðìàíèè â 1930-õ (Magnetophon îò AEG). Ïîñëå WWII ïîïóëÿðèçèðîâàí â ÑØÀ êîìïàíèÿìè Ampex è EMI.
Èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ äëÿ ðàäèî, ñòóäèé è äàæå â ðàííèõ êîìïüþòåðàõ.
Ðàñöâåò: 1950–1970-å — çîëîòàÿ ýðà äëÿ àóäèîôèëîâ. Àëüáîìû (íàïðèìåð, îò Capitol èëè RCA) âûïóñêàëèñü íà R2R. Â ÑÑÑÐ àíàëîã - "Ìàÿê" èëè "Ýëåêòðîíèêà".
Óïàäîê: Ñ 1980-õ âûòåñíåí êàññåòàìè (Philips Cassette, 1⅞ ips) è CD. Íî èíòåðåñ âîçðîäèëñÿ: â 2020-õ ïðîèçâîäÿò íîâûå ëåíòû (ATR Magnetics, Recording the Masters) è ìàøèíû (Mechlabor).
Êîíñòðóêöèÿ è ïàðàìåòðû, âëèÿþùèå íà çâóê
Ëåíòà: øèðèíà ¼ äþéìà (6,35 ìì) äëÿ áûòîâîãî/ïîëóïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ñåãìåíòà, ½ äþéìà è âûøå - äëÿ ñòóäèé. Îñíîâà — ïîëèýñòåð (PET), ïîêðûòèå — γ-Fe₂O₃ (îêñèä æåëåçà), CrO₂ (õðîì) èëè Fe (÷èñòîå æåëåçî). ×åì ïëîòíåå è îäíîðîäíåå ÷àñòèöû, òåì íèæå øóì è âûøå äèíàìèêà.
Òðåêè:
Quarter-track (4 òðåêà): äâà ñòåðåî â îäíîì íàïðàâëåíèè, äâà â îáðàòíîì. Ýôôåêòèâíàÿ øèðèíà äîðîæêè ~0,8 ìì → âûøå óðîâåíü øóìà.
Half-track (2 òðåêà): øèðèíà ~2 ìì → íà 6–8 äÁ ìåíüøå øóìà, ëó÷øå ðàçäåëåíèå êàíàëîâ.
Ñêîðîñòü 7½ ips:
×àñòîòíûé äèàïàçîí íà õîðîøåé ëåíòå è ìàøèíå: 30 Ãö – 18 êÃö ±2 äÁ, íà ñòóäèéíûõ Ampex 456 èëè ATR Master Tape — äî 20–22 êÃö ±1 äÁ.
Îòíîøåíèå ñèãíàë/øóì (SNR): 58–62 äÁ áåç Dolby (A-weighted), 68–74 äÁ ñ Dolby B, äî 80 äÁ ñ Dolby SR (ïðîôåññèîíàë).
Èñêàæåíèÿ (THD): 0,3–0,7 % íà 0 äÁ (250 nWb/m), 1–2 % íà +3 äÁ.
Wow & flutter: 0,04–0,08 % WRMS íà Studer A80, Revox B77; 0,12–0,19 % íà áûòîâûõ Akai, Teac.
Ñðàâíåíèå êà÷åñòâà ñ äðóãèìè ôîðìàòàìè
Êàññåòà Compact Cassette (1⅞ ips): 40–14 000 Ãö, SNR 50–60 äÁ ñ Dolby B. R2R íà 7½ ips äà¸ò íà 10–15 äÁ ÷èùå ôîí, øèðå äèàïàçîí è â 3–4 ðàçà ìåíüøå èñêàæåíèé.
Âèíèë LP: ñîïîñòàâèìûé äèàïàçîí (20–20 êÃö), íî R2R âûèãðûâàåò ïî øóìó (âèíèë — 55–65 äÁ) è îòñóòñòâèþ ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ øóìîâ.
Öèôðîâîé 16 áèò/44,1 êÃö (CD): öèôðîâîé «ïîòîëîê» 96 äÁ SNR, íî R2R ÷àñòî ñóáúåêòèâíî «òåïëåå» çà ñ÷¸ò ìÿãêèõ ãàðìîíèê 2-ãî è 3-ãî ïîðÿäêà.
Ôàêòîðû, îïðåäåëÿþùèå ðåàëüíîå êà÷åñòâî
1. Ëåíòà:
Ampex 456 / Quantegy 456: ñòóäèéíûé ñòàíäàðò 1970–90-õ, +6 äÁ íàä 185 nWb/m, íèçêèé print-through.
ATR Master Tape, RMGI SM911: ñîâðåìåííûå àíàëîãè, óðîâåíü +9 äÁ (318 nWb/m), SNR äî 78 äÁ ñ Dolby SR.
Á/ó ëåíòû 1970-õ: ÷àñòî ëèïêèé ñèíäðîì (sticky-shed) — ãèäðîëèç ñâÿçóþùåãî, òðåáóåò «çàïåêàíèÿ» ïðè 50 °C 8–12 ÷.
2. Ìàãíèòîôîí:
Studer A810, Otari MX-55: 0,03 % wow/flutter, ÷àñòîòêà äî 22 êÃö.
Revox B77, Tascam 32: 0,08 %, äî 18 êÃö — îòëè÷íûé äîìàøíèé óðîâåíü.
Teac X-1000R: àâòîêàëèáðîâêà bias, íî øóì ãîëîâîê âûøå.
3. Êàëèáðîâêà:
Óðîâåíü çàïèñè (0 VU = 185–250 nWb/m), àçèìóò ãîëîâîê (±2′), bias (±5 %).
Íåïðàâèëüíûé bias → ðîñò èñêàæåíèé íà Â× èëè ïîòåðÿ âûñîêèõ.
Øóìîïîäàâëåíèå:
4. Dolby B: –10 äÁ øóìà íà Â×.
dbx Type I: –30 äÁ, íî òðåáóåò òî÷íîãî óðîâíÿ, èíà÷å «äûõàíèå».
Áåç øóìîäàâà — ñëûøèìîå øèïåíèå íà òèõèõ ïàññàæàõ.
Ñóáúåêòèâíîå âîñïðèÿòèå
Òåïëîòà: íàñûùåííûå ÷¸òíûå ãàðìîíèêè îò ë¸ãêîé êîìïðåññèè ëåíòû (tape saturation) ïðè 0…+3 äÁ.
Ïðîñòðàíñòâî: ðàçäåëåíèå êàíàëîâ 35–45 äÁ, ëó÷øå, ÷åì ó áîëüøèíñòâà êàññåò.
Äèíàìèêà: ðåàëüíûå ïèêè äî +12 äÁ áåç êëèïïèíãà íà ñòóäèéíûõ ëåíòàõ.
Ñîâðåìåííûå èñòî÷íèêè
Íîâûå ëåíòû: ATR Magnetics (USA), Recording the Masters (Ôðàíöèÿ), Pyral.
Ìàøèíû: Ballfinger M063 H5 (íîâûå, ˆ15 000), ðåñòàâðèðîâàííûå Studer/Revox íà Reverb.com.
Ïðåäçàïèñàííûå ðåëèçû: The Tape Project (ìàñòåð-ëåíòû 15 ips, íî åñòü 7½), Analogue Productions.
Èòîãî: 7½ ips R2R - ýòî àíàëîãîâûé hi-fi óðîâåíü, ñïîñîáíûé ïðåâçîéòè CD ïî ñóáúåêòèâíîìó âïå÷àòëåíèþ ïðè ïðàâèëüíîé öåïî÷êå. Êà÷åñòâî îãðàíè÷åíî íå ôîðìàòîì, à ñîñòîÿíèåì ëåíòû è òî÷íîñòüþ êàëèáðîâêè.
Çäåñü ïðåäñòàâëåí â îñíîâíîì äæàç îöèôðîâàííûé íà Mac mini (Late 2014) íîóòáóêà
Óñòðîéñòâî âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ: TEAC X-1000R
Ãîëîâêà çâóêîñíèìàòåëÿ: TEAC X-1000R
Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé óñèëèòåëü: TEAC X-1000R
Ïðîãðàììà-îöèôðîâùèê: VinylStudio
Îáðàáîòêà: îòñóòñòâóåò
Îöèôðîâøèê zhanin
Àëüáîìû:
1. Ahmad Jamal – Ahmad Jamal – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
2. Ahmad Jamal – Jamal at the Penthouse – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
3. Ahmad Jamal – Portfolio of Ahmad Jamal – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
4. Antônio Carlos Jobim – The Composer of Desafinado, Plays – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
5. Antônio Carlos Jobim – Wave – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
6. Astrud Gilberto and Walter Wanderley – A Certain Smile, a Certain Sadness – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
7. Billy Vaughn – Golden Hits: The Best of Billy Vaughn – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
8. Buddy Rich and Alla Rakha – Rich à la Rakha – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
9. Count Basie and the Kansas City 7 – Count Basie and the Kansas City 7 – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
10. Count Basie – Basie Land – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
11. Count Basie – The Greatest! Count Basie Plays… Joe Williams Sings Standards – 1956 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
12. Curtis Mayfield – Back to the World – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
13. Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Out – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
14. Duke Ellington and His Orchestra – Midnight in Paris – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
15. Eddie Harris – Plug Me In – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
16. Eddie Harris – Silver Cycles – 1969 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
17. Elton John – Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
18. Enoch Light – Big Band Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
19. Frank Sinatra – Come Dance with Me! – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
20. Frank Sinatra – Nice 'n' Easy – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
21. Frank Sinatra – Sinatra & Company – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
22. Frank Sinatra – Strangers in the Night – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
23. Frank Sinatra, Count Basie – Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
24. Gary Burton and Chick Corea – Crystal Silence – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
25. George Benson – Body Talk – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
26. Gerry Mulligan Quartet – Reunion with Chet Baker – 1958 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
27. Herbie Hancock – Blow-Up (The Original Sound Track Album) – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
28. Herbie Mann – Do the Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
29. Herbie Mann – Herbie Mann at the Village Gate – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
30. Herbie Mann – The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
31. Herbie Mann – The Wailing Dervishes – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
32. Herbie Mann – Today! – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
33. Herbie Mann – New Mann at Newport – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
34. Jackie McLean – 4, 5 and 6 – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
35. James Brown – Revolution of the Mind (Recorded Live at the Apollo Vol. III) – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
36. James Gang – Straight Shooter – 1972 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
37. Jimmy Smith – Got My Mojo Workin' – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
38. Jimmy Smith – I'm Movin' On – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
39. Jimmy Smith – Stay Loose – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
40. João Gilberto – The Boss of the Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
41. John Coltrane Quartet – Ballads – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
42. John Coltrane Quartet – Ballads – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
43. John Coltrane – Live at the Village Vanguard Again! – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
44. Jonah Jones Quartet, Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra – Jonah Jones Quartet / Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
45. Kai Winding Featuring Kenny Burrell – !!!More!!! (Theme from Mondo Cane) – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
46. Laurindo Almeida & the Bossa Nova Allstars – Olé! Bossa Nova – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
47. Louis Armstrong & Oscar Peterson – Louis Armstrong Meets Oscar Peterson – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
48. Mantovani – Latin Rendezvous (1963) & Mantovani Olé (1965) – 2001 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
49. Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper – The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper, Volume 1 – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
50. Morgana King – Wild Is Love – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
51. Nancy Wilson – Now I'm a Woman – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
52. Oscar Peterson Trio + Clark Terry – Oscar Peterson Trio + One – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
53. Oscar Peterson – Blues Etude – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
54. Oscar Peterson – Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Song Book – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
55. Oscar Peterson – Oscar Peterson Plays the Jimmy McHugh and Harold Arlen Song Books – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
56. Oscar Peterson – Thoroughly Modern 'Twenties – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
57. Paul Desmond and Gerry Mulligan – Two of a Mind – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
58. Paul Desmond with Strings – Desmond Blue – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
59. Paul Desmond – Take Ten – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
60. Quincy Jones – Gula Matari – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
61. Ramsey Lewis – Maiden Voyage – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
62. Reinhold Svensson – Midnight Cocktail – 1961 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
63. Roberta Flack – Quiet Fire – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
64. Rod Stewart – Every Picture Tells a Story – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
65. Simon & Garfunkel – Bookends – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
66. Sonny Rollins – Plays for Bird – 1956 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
67. Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd – Jazz Samba – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
68. Stan Getz and Luiz Bonfá – Jazz Samba Encore! – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
69. Stan Getz with Laurindo Almeida – Stan Getz with Guest Artist Laurindo Almeida – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
70. Stan Getz – Sweet Rain – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
71. Stan Getz – What the World Needs Now: Stan Getz Plays Bacharach and David – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
72. Stevie Wonder – Signed Sealed & Delivered – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
73. Svend Asmussen – Evergreens – 1961 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
74. The Allman Brothers Band – Win, Lose or Draw – 1975 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
75. The Dave Brubeck Quartet featuring Jimmy Rushing – Brubeck & Rushing – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
76. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Anything Goes! The Dave Brubeck Quartet Plays Cole Porter – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
77. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Jazz Impressions of Japan – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
78. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Out – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
79. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Angel Eyes – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
80. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Bossa Nova U.S.A. – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
81. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Further Out (Miró Reflections) – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
82. The Dave Brubeck Trio featuring Gerry Mulligan – Compadres – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
83. The Incredible Jimmy Smith – Monster – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
84. The Incredible Jimmy Smith – The Cat – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
85. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Axis: Bold as Love – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
86. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Axis: Bold as Love – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
87. The Miles Davis Sextet & The Thelonious Monk Quartet – Miles & Monk at Newport – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
88. The Miles Davis Sextet & The Thelonious Monk Quartet – Miles & Monk at Newport – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
89. The Modern Jazz Quartet with Laurindo Almeida – Collaboration – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
90. The Modern Jazz Quartet – The Comedy – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
91. The Modern Jazz Quartet – European Concert – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
92. The New Stan Getz Quartet featuring Astrud Gilberto – Getz Au Go Go – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
93. The Oscar Peterson Trio – Bursting Out with the All-Star Big Band! – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
94. The Oscar Peterson Trio – The Trio (The Sound of the Trio) – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
95. The Temptations – All Directions – 1972 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
96. The Walter Wanderley Trio – Chegança – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
97. The Weavers – Travelling On with the Weavers – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
98. Various – That Newport Jazz – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
99. Walter Wanderley – Brazilian Blend – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
100. Wes Montgomery – A Day in the Life – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
101. Wes Montgomery – California Dreaming – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
102. Wes Montgomery – Down Here on the Ground – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
103. Wes Montgomery – Road Song – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
104. Wes Montgomery – The Best of Wes Montgomery – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
105. ÀËÜÔÀ – 1983–2011 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
106. Ñåðãåé Ìèíàåâ – Ðàäèî Àáðàêàäàáðà – 1987 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
107. Ñèìôîíè÷åñêîå Êèíî – ÑèìôîíèÊ – 2019 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
108. ×åðíàâñêèé & Ìàòåöêèé – Áàíàíîâûå Îñòðîâà – 1983 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
Ññûëêà íà âñå: https://1024terabox.com/s/1lJTsmpp4cQt9d1UxyLlEOA
èëè æå
https://1024terabox.com/s/1nwywuoTZIFb1L--3QjYvwA
https://i.postimg.cc/4xwtXtGT/thumb-859c2d1c9fcfbf4cb7870aab62134e49.png (https://i.postimg.cc/x1gH9HQr/img893e2b86f720d21e97687049c9fdd69d.jpg)
 îòëè÷èå îò ñîâðåìåííûõ êàññåò èëè öèôðîâûõ íîñèòåëåé, çäåñü ìàãíèòíàÿ ëåíòà íàìàòûâàåòñÿ íà äâå îòêðûòûå áîáèíû (êàòóøêè), êîòîðûå âðàùàþòñÿ âî âðåìÿ çàïèñè èëè ïðîèãðûâàíèÿ. Ñêîðîñòü 7½ ips (inches per second, èëè 7,5 äþéìà â ñåêóíäó, ÷òî ïðèìåðíî ðàâíî 19 ñì/ñ) - ýòî îäíà èç ñàìûõ ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûõ ñêîðîñòåé äëÿ òàêîãî ôîðìàòà, îáåñïå÷èâàþùàÿ õîðîøèé áàëàíñ ìåæäó êà÷åñòâîì çâóêà è äëèòåëüíîñòüþ çàïèñè.
Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå: Ðàçðàáîòàí â Ãåðìàíèè â 1930-õ (Magnetophon îò AEG). Ïîñëå WWII ïîïóëÿðèçèðîâàí â ÑØÀ êîìïàíèÿìè Ampex è EMI.
Èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ äëÿ ðàäèî, ñòóäèé è äàæå â ðàííèõ êîìïüþòåðàõ.
Ðàñöâåò: 1950–1970-å — çîëîòàÿ ýðà äëÿ àóäèîôèëîâ. Àëüáîìû (íàïðèìåð, îò Capitol èëè RCA) âûïóñêàëèñü íà R2R. Â ÑÑÑÐ àíàëîã - "Ìàÿê" èëè "Ýëåêòðîíèêà".
Óïàäîê: Ñ 1980-õ âûòåñíåí êàññåòàìè (Philips Cassette, 1⅞ ips) è CD. Íî èíòåðåñ âîçðîäèëñÿ: â 2020-õ ïðîèçâîäÿò íîâûå ëåíòû (ATR Magnetics, Recording the Masters) è ìàøèíû (Mechlabor).
Êîíñòðóêöèÿ è ïàðàìåòðû, âëèÿþùèå íà çâóê
Ëåíòà: øèðèíà ¼ äþéìà (6,35 ìì) äëÿ áûòîâîãî/ïîëóïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ñåãìåíòà, ½ äþéìà è âûøå - äëÿ ñòóäèé. Îñíîâà — ïîëèýñòåð (PET), ïîêðûòèå — γ-Fe₂O₃ (îêñèä æåëåçà), CrO₂ (õðîì) èëè Fe (÷èñòîå æåëåçî). ×åì ïëîòíåå è îäíîðîäíåå ÷àñòèöû, òåì íèæå øóì è âûøå äèíàìèêà.
Òðåêè:
Quarter-track (4 òðåêà): äâà ñòåðåî â îäíîì íàïðàâëåíèè, äâà â îáðàòíîì. Ýôôåêòèâíàÿ øèðèíà äîðîæêè ~0,8 ìì → âûøå óðîâåíü øóìà.
Half-track (2 òðåêà): øèðèíà ~2 ìì → íà 6–8 äÁ ìåíüøå øóìà, ëó÷øå ðàçäåëåíèå êàíàëîâ.
Ñêîðîñòü 7½ ips:
×àñòîòíûé äèàïàçîí íà õîðîøåé ëåíòå è ìàøèíå: 30 Ãö – 18 êÃö ±2 äÁ, íà ñòóäèéíûõ Ampex 456 èëè ATR Master Tape — äî 20–22 êÃö ±1 äÁ.
Îòíîøåíèå ñèãíàë/øóì (SNR): 58–62 äÁ áåç Dolby (A-weighted), 68–74 äÁ ñ Dolby B, äî 80 äÁ ñ Dolby SR (ïðîôåññèîíàë).
Èñêàæåíèÿ (THD): 0,3–0,7 % íà 0 äÁ (250 nWb/m), 1–2 % íà +3 äÁ.
Wow & flutter: 0,04–0,08 % WRMS íà Studer A80, Revox B77; 0,12–0,19 % íà áûòîâûõ Akai, Teac.
Ñðàâíåíèå êà÷åñòâà ñ äðóãèìè ôîðìàòàìè
Êàññåòà Compact Cassette (1⅞ ips): 40–14 000 Ãö, SNR 50–60 äÁ ñ Dolby B. R2R íà 7½ ips äà¸ò íà 10–15 äÁ ÷èùå ôîí, øèðå äèàïàçîí è â 3–4 ðàçà ìåíüøå èñêàæåíèé.
Âèíèë LP: ñîïîñòàâèìûé äèàïàçîí (20–20 êÃö), íî R2R âûèãðûâàåò ïî øóìó (âèíèë — 55–65 äÁ) è îòñóòñòâèþ ïîâåðõíîñòíûõ øóìîâ.
Öèôðîâîé 16 áèò/44,1 êÃö (CD): öèôðîâîé «ïîòîëîê» 96 äÁ SNR, íî R2R ÷àñòî ñóáúåêòèâíî «òåïëåå» çà ñ÷¸ò ìÿãêèõ ãàðìîíèê 2-ãî è 3-ãî ïîðÿäêà.
Ôàêòîðû, îïðåäåëÿþùèå ðåàëüíîå êà÷åñòâî
1. Ëåíòà:
Ampex 456 / Quantegy 456: ñòóäèéíûé ñòàíäàðò 1970–90-õ, +6 äÁ íàä 185 nWb/m, íèçêèé print-through.
ATR Master Tape, RMGI SM911: ñîâðåìåííûå àíàëîãè, óðîâåíü +9 äÁ (318 nWb/m), SNR äî 78 äÁ ñ Dolby SR.
Á/ó ëåíòû 1970-õ: ÷àñòî ëèïêèé ñèíäðîì (sticky-shed) — ãèäðîëèç ñâÿçóþùåãî, òðåáóåò «çàïåêàíèÿ» ïðè 50 °C 8–12 ÷.
2. Ìàãíèòîôîí:
Studer A810, Otari MX-55: 0,03 % wow/flutter, ÷àñòîòêà äî 22 êÃö.
Revox B77, Tascam 32: 0,08 %, äî 18 êÃö — îòëè÷íûé äîìàøíèé óðîâåíü.
Teac X-1000R: àâòîêàëèáðîâêà bias, íî øóì ãîëîâîê âûøå.
3. Êàëèáðîâêà:
Óðîâåíü çàïèñè (0 VU = 185–250 nWb/m), àçèìóò ãîëîâîê (±2′), bias (±5 %).
Íåïðàâèëüíûé bias → ðîñò èñêàæåíèé íà Â× èëè ïîòåðÿ âûñîêèõ.
Øóìîïîäàâëåíèå:
4. Dolby B: –10 äÁ øóìà íà Â×.
dbx Type I: –30 äÁ, íî òðåáóåò òî÷íîãî óðîâíÿ, èíà÷å «äûõàíèå».
Áåç øóìîäàâà — ñëûøèìîå øèïåíèå íà òèõèõ ïàññàæàõ.
Ñóáúåêòèâíîå âîñïðèÿòèå
Òåïëîòà: íàñûùåííûå ÷¸òíûå ãàðìîíèêè îò ë¸ãêîé êîìïðåññèè ëåíòû (tape saturation) ïðè 0…+3 äÁ.
Ïðîñòðàíñòâî: ðàçäåëåíèå êàíàëîâ 35–45 äÁ, ëó÷øå, ÷åì ó áîëüøèíñòâà êàññåò.
Äèíàìèêà: ðåàëüíûå ïèêè äî +12 äÁ áåç êëèïïèíãà íà ñòóäèéíûõ ëåíòàõ.
Ñîâðåìåííûå èñòî÷íèêè
Íîâûå ëåíòû: ATR Magnetics (USA), Recording the Masters (Ôðàíöèÿ), Pyral.
Ìàøèíû: Ballfinger M063 H5 (íîâûå, ˆ15 000), ðåñòàâðèðîâàííûå Studer/Revox íà Reverb.com.
Ïðåäçàïèñàííûå ðåëèçû: The Tape Project (ìàñòåð-ëåíòû 15 ips, íî åñòü 7½), Analogue Productions.
Èòîãî: 7½ ips R2R - ýòî àíàëîãîâûé hi-fi óðîâåíü, ñïîñîáíûé ïðåâçîéòè CD ïî ñóáúåêòèâíîìó âïå÷àòëåíèþ ïðè ïðàâèëüíîé öåïî÷êå. Êà÷åñòâî îãðàíè÷åíî íå ôîðìàòîì, à ñîñòîÿíèåì ëåíòû è òî÷íîñòüþ êàëèáðîâêè.
Çäåñü ïðåäñòàâëåí â îñíîâíîì äæàç îöèôðîâàííûé íà Mac mini (Late 2014) íîóòáóêà
Óñòðîéñòâî âîñïðîèçâåäåíèÿ: TEAC X-1000R
Ãîëîâêà çâóêîñíèìàòåëÿ: TEAC X-1000R
Ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûé óñèëèòåëü: TEAC X-1000R
Ïðîãðàììà-îöèôðîâùèê: VinylStudio
Îáðàáîòêà: îòñóòñòâóåò
Îöèôðîâøèê zhanin
Àëüáîìû:
1. Ahmad Jamal – Ahmad Jamal – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
2. Ahmad Jamal – Jamal at the Penthouse – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
3. Ahmad Jamal – Portfolio of Ahmad Jamal – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
4. Antônio Carlos Jobim – The Composer of Desafinado, Plays – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
5. Antônio Carlos Jobim – Wave – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
6. Astrud Gilberto and Walter Wanderley – A Certain Smile, a Certain Sadness – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
7. Billy Vaughn – Golden Hits: The Best of Billy Vaughn – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
8. Buddy Rich and Alla Rakha – Rich à la Rakha – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
9. Count Basie and the Kansas City 7 – Count Basie and the Kansas City 7 – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
10. Count Basie – Basie Land – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
11. Count Basie – The Greatest! Count Basie Plays… Joe Williams Sings Standards – 1956 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
12. Curtis Mayfield – Back to the World – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
13. Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Out – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
14. Duke Ellington and His Orchestra – Midnight in Paris – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
15. Eddie Harris – Plug Me In – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
16. Eddie Harris – Silver Cycles – 1969 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
17. Elton John – Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
18. Enoch Light – Big Band Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
19. Frank Sinatra – Come Dance with Me! – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
20. Frank Sinatra – Nice 'n' Easy – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
21. Frank Sinatra – Sinatra & Company – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
22. Frank Sinatra – Strangers in the Night – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
23. Frank Sinatra, Count Basie – Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
24. Gary Burton and Chick Corea – Crystal Silence – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
25. George Benson – Body Talk – 1973 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
26. Gerry Mulligan Quartet – Reunion with Chet Baker – 1958 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
27. Herbie Hancock – Blow-Up (The Original Sound Track Album) – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
28. Herbie Mann – Do the Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
29. Herbie Mann – Herbie Mann at the Village Gate – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
30. Herbie Mann – The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
31. Herbie Mann – The Wailing Dervishes – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
32. Herbie Mann – Today! – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
33. Herbie Mann – New Mann at Newport – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
34. Jackie McLean – 4, 5 and 6 – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
35. James Brown – Revolution of the Mind (Recorded Live at the Apollo Vol. III) – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
36. James Gang – Straight Shooter – 1972 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
37. Jimmy Smith – Got My Mojo Workin' – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
38. Jimmy Smith – I'm Movin' On – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
39. Jimmy Smith – Stay Loose – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
40. João Gilberto – The Boss of the Bossa Nova – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
41. John Coltrane Quartet – Ballads – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
42. John Coltrane Quartet – Ballads – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
43. John Coltrane – Live at the Village Vanguard Again! – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
44. Jonah Jones Quartet, Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra – Jonah Jones Quartet / Glen Gray and the Casa Loma Orchestra – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
45. Kai Winding Featuring Kenny Burrell – !!!More!!! (Theme from Mondo Cane) – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
46. Laurindo Almeida & the Bossa Nova Allstars – Olé! Bossa Nova – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
47. Louis Armstrong & Oscar Peterson – Louis Armstrong Meets Oscar Peterson – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
48. Mantovani – Latin Rendezvous (1963) & Mantovani Olé (1965) – 2001 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
49. Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper – The Live Adventures of Mike Bloomfield and Al Kooper, Volume 1 – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
50. Morgana King – Wild Is Love – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
51. Nancy Wilson – Now I'm a Woman – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
52. Oscar Peterson Trio + Clark Terry – Oscar Peterson Trio + One – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
53. Oscar Peterson – Blues Etude – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
54. Oscar Peterson – Oscar Peterson Plays the George Gershwin Song Book – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
55. Oscar Peterson – Oscar Peterson Plays the Jimmy McHugh and Harold Arlen Song Books – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
56. Oscar Peterson – Thoroughly Modern 'Twenties – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
57. Paul Desmond and Gerry Mulligan – Two of a Mind – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
58. Paul Desmond with Strings – Desmond Blue – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
59. Paul Desmond – Take Ten – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
60. Quincy Jones – Gula Matari – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
61. Ramsey Lewis – Maiden Voyage – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 3¾ ips) [24_96]
62. Reinhold Svensson – Midnight Cocktail – 1961 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
63. Roberta Flack – Quiet Fire – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
64. Rod Stewart – Every Picture Tells a Story – 1971 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
65. Simon & Garfunkel – Bookends – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
66. Sonny Rollins – Plays for Bird – 1956 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
67. Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd – Jazz Samba – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
68. Stan Getz and Luiz Bonfá – Jazz Samba Encore! – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
69. Stan Getz with Laurindo Almeida – Stan Getz with Guest Artist Laurindo Almeida – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
70. Stan Getz – Sweet Rain – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
71. Stan Getz – What the World Needs Now: Stan Getz Plays Bacharach and David – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
72. Stevie Wonder – Signed Sealed & Delivered – 1970 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
73. Svend Asmussen – Evergreens – 1961 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
74. The Allman Brothers Band – Win, Lose or Draw – 1975 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
75. The Dave Brubeck Quartet featuring Jimmy Rushing – Brubeck & Rushing – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
76. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Anything Goes! The Dave Brubeck Quartet Plays Cole Porter – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
77. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Jazz Impressions of Japan – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
78. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Out – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
79. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Angel Eyes – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
80. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Bossa Nova U.S.A. – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
81. The Dave Brubeck Quartet – Time Further Out (Miró Reflections) – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
82. The Dave Brubeck Trio featuring Gerry Mulligan – Compadres – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
83. The Incredible Jimmy Smith – Monster – 1965 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
84. The Incredible Jimmy Smith – The Cat – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
85. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Axis: Bold as Love – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
86. The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Axis: Bold as Love – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
87. The Miles Davis Sextet & The Thelonious Monk Quartet – Miles & Monk at Newport – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
88. The Miles Davis Sextet & The Thelonious Monk Quartet – Miles & Monk at Newport – 1963 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
89. The Modern Jazz Quartet with Laurindo Almeida – Collaboration – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
90. The Modern Jazz Quartet – The Comedy – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
91. The Modern Jazz Quartet – European Concert – 1960 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
92. The New Stan Getz Quartet featuring Astrud Gilberto – Getz Au Go Go – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
93. The Oscar Peterson Trio – Bursting Out with the All-Star Big Band! – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
94. The Oscar Peterson Trio – The Trio (The Sound of the Trio) – 1962 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
95. The Temptations – All Directions – 1972 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
96. The Walter Wanderley Trio – Chegança – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
97. The Weavers – Travelling On with the Weavers – 1959 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
98. Various – That Newport Jazz – 1964 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [DSD128]
99. Walter Wanderley – Brazilian Blend – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
100. Wes Montgomery – A Day in the Life – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
101. Wes Montgomery – California Dreaming – 1966 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
102. Wes Montgomery – Down Here on the Ground – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
103. Wes Montgomery – Road Song – 1968 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
104. Wes Montgomery – The Best of Wes Montgomery – 1967 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
105. ÀËÜÔÀ – 1983–2011 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
106. Ñåðãåé Ìèíàåâ – Ðàäèî Àáðàêàäàáðà – 1987 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
107. Ñèìôîíè÷åñêîå Êèíî – ÑèìôîíèÊ – 2019 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
108. ×åðíàâñêèé & Ìàòåöêèé – Áàíàíîâûå Îñòðîâà – 1983 (Reel-to-Reel, 7½ ips) [24_96]
Ññûëêà íà âñå: https://1024terabox.com/s/1lJTsmpp4cQt9d1UxyLlEOA
èëè æå
https://1024terabox.com/s/1nwywuoTZIFb1L--3QjYvwA